Revelation of Genetic Diversity in Advanced Breeding Lines of Soybean using Principal Component Analysis

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out to examine the genetic variability and important yield-affecting characteristics of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The experiment was conducted at JNKVV, Jabalpur, during the Kharif season of 2022, with 30 advanced breeding lines and five national checks in a randomized block design with three replications. PCA helped us to simplify the data and identify the most essential traits contributing to yield. The analysis revealed that three principal components (PCs) with eigenvalues greater than 1.00 explained 86.3% of the total variability among the studied traits. PC1, which accounted for 67.7% of the variation, was linked to seed yield per plant, primary branches per plant, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering, number of seeds per plant, number of pods per plant, harvest index, and biological yield per plant. PC2 and PC3, contributing 10.0% and 8.6% of the variation, respectively, were associated with the number of clusters per plant, pods per plant, 100-seed weight, and days to 50% flowering. High PC scores in these components indicated genotypes with significant variability, notably JS 25-37, JS 25-31, JS 25-39 for PC1, JS 25-22, JS 25-47 for PC2, and JS 25-45, JS 25-33 for PC3. These findings underscore the importance of these genotypes and traits for targeted breeding programs to enhance soybean yield.

Keywords

References

1. [1]Amrate, P. K. (2024). Survey and Present Status of Soybean Diseases in Central India. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management. 15(5): 01-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5299
2. [2]Amrate, P. K., Pancheshwar, D.K., and Shrivastava, M.K. (2018). Evaluation of soybean germplasm against charcoal rot, aerial blight and yellow mosaic virus disease in Madhya Pradesh. Plant Disease Research, 33(2):185-190.
3. [3]Amrate, P. K., Shrivastava, M.K., Pancheshwar, D.K., and Sharma, S. (2020). Charcoal Rot and Yellow Mosaic Diseases of Soybean under Hot Spot Condition: Symptoms, Incidence and Resistance Characterization. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 11(3): 268-273.
4. [4]Amrate, P. K., Chaukikar, K., Kharte, S., Pancheshwar, D.K., Marabi, R.S., Shrivastava, M.K. and Bhale, M.S. (2024). Distribution of Charcoal Rot of Soybean, its Influencing Factors and Pathogenic Variabilities in Different Regions of Madhya Pradesh. Legume Research. doi: https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-5262
5. [5]Amrate, P. K., Shrivastava, M.K., Pancheshwar, D.K., Stuti, S. (2020). Charcoal rot and yellow mosaic virus disease of soybean under hot spot condition: symptoms, incidence and resistance characterization. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 11(3): 268-273. doi: https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2020.2104
6. [6]Banerjee J, Shrivastava M K, Amrate P.K, Upadhyay A and Soni M (2022). Genetic variability and association of yield contributing traits in advanced breeding lines of soybean. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding. Vol 13(2): 597 – 607.
7. [7]Banerjee, J. (2021).Genetic Assessment and Morpho-Biochemical analysis in Advanced Breeding lines of Soybean. Msc. (Ag.) Thesis, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) JNKVV, Jabalpur: 156.
8. [8]Banerjee, J., Shrivastava, M. K., Amrate, P. K., Singh, Y., Upadhyay, A. and Soni, M. (2022). Genetic variability and association of yield contributing traits in advanced breeding lines of soybean. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 13(2): 597-607.
9. [9]Banerjee, J., Shrivastava, M.K., Singh, Y. Amrate, P.K. (2023). Estimation of genetic divergence and proximate composition in advanced breeding lines of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Environment and Ecology 41(3C): 1960–1968. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/vywe5744
10. [10]Barela, A., Shrivastava, M.K., Mohare, S., Rahangdale, S., Jawarkar, S., Amrate, P.K., Singh, Y. (2022). Morphological characterization and recognition of new traits of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 12(12): 1497-1504.
11. [11]Dubey, N., Avinashe, A.H. and Srivastava, A.N. (2018a). Evaluation of genetic diversity among soybean [Glycine max (L) Merrill] genotypes using multivariate analysis. Plant Archives, 18(1):908-912.
12. [12]Dubey, N., Avinashe, H.A., and Shrivastava, A.N. (2018b). Principal component analysis in advanced genotypes of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] over seasons. Plant Archives, 18(1):501-506.
13. [13]El-Hashash, E.F. (2016). Genetic Diversity of Soybean Yield Based on Cluster and Principal Component Analyses. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 10 (3):1-9.
14. [14]Jawarkar, S. (2021). Genetic studies for yield associated trait in RILs of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]". MSc Ag. College of Agriculture JNKVV, 160p.
15. [15]Jawarkar, S., Shrivastava, M.K., Satpute, G.K., Amrate, P.K., Barela, A. and Nagar, S.K. (2023). Morphological Characterization of Recombinant Inbred Lines of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13(9): 521-527.
16. [16]Jha, A, Shrivastava, A.N., and Mishra, S. (2016). Principal Component Analysis in Advanced Genotypes of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)" during Kharif– 2014. Advances in Life Sciences, 5(9):3508-3513.
17. [17]Mehra, S., Shrivastava, M.K., Amrate, P.K. and Yadav, R.B. (2020). Studies on variability, correlation coefficient and path analysis for yield associated traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Journal of Oilseeds Research, 37(1): 56-59.
18. [18]Mishra, S., Jha, A., Pancheshwar, D.K. and Shrivastava, A.N. (2018). Study of Genetic Divergence in Advance Breeding Lines of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] for Yield Attributing Traits. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 9 (1):103-107.
19. [19]Pachori, S., Tiwari, S., Shrivastava, M.K., Amrate, P.K., Thakur, S. and Gupta, S. (2023). Unveiling genetic diversity in soybean germplasm: A comprehensive analysis through DUS characteristics. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 14(4): 1541-1547.
20. [20]Pallavi, K.S., Jiban, S, and Ujjawal, K.S.K. (2020). Multivariate analysis of soybean genotypes. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3(1):69-76.
21. [21]Satpute, G. K., Gireesh, C., Shivakumar, M., Arya, G.K., Patel, R.K., Gupta, R. and Husain. S. (2016). Genetic variability and association studies in new soybean Germplasm accessions. Soybean research, 14(2):77-83.
22. [22]Shilpashree, N., Devi, S.N., Manjunathagowda, D.C., Muddappa, A., Abdelmohsen, S.A., Tamam, N., Elansary, H.O., El-Abedin, T.K.Z., Abdelbacki, A.M., Janhavi, V. (2021). Morphological characterization, variability and diversity among vegetable soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes. Plants 10(4): 671.
23. [23]Singh, P.K., and Shrestha, J. (2019). Evaluation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] genotypes for agro-morphological traits using multivariate analysis. Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 18:100-107
24. [24]Soni M, Shrivastava M.K, Singh Y, Sharma S, Amrate P.K and Banerjee J. (2022). Evaluation the Genetic Variability and Association Analysis of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill for Some Physiological Parameters. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 34(10): 17-26.
25. [25]Uikey, S., Sharma, S., Amrate, P.K., Shrivastava, M.K. (2022).Identification of rich oil-protein and disease resistance genotypes in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill].International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management. 13(5): 497-506. https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.2478
26. [26]Upadhyay, P., Shrivastava, M.K., Amrate, P.K. and Yadav, R.B. (2020). Yield determining traits, genetic variability and character association in exotic lines of soybean [Glycine max (l.) Merrill]. Soybean Research 18(2): 95-102.
27. [27]Verma, K., Talukdar, A., Shivakumar, M., Kumar, B., Lal, S.K., Srivastava, N., Sapra, R.L., Harish, G.D., Girmilla, V. (2015). Biochemical screening for trypsin inhibitor factors and morpho-molecular characterization of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Indian Journal of Genetics 75(4): 490-496.
28. [28]Yadav, U.S., Mishra, S. and Shrivastava, A.N. (2017). Genetic diversity analysis based on seedling and physiological traits in advance generations of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merril]. Frontiers in Crop Improvement5: 307-310.